Application of Essential Anatomy software in the clinical practice teaching of spinal surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In this paper, the current situation and existing problems of spinal surgery practice are analyzed and summarized. Combined with the review of the structure and function of spinal region, we have expounded the application and advantages of Essential Anatomy software in the clinical practice teaching of spinal surgery. This software has a friendly interface, simple operation, real content, intuitive and visual model, and it can provide videos and slice function, which makes the original complex and abstract spinal anatomy practice content become novel and vivid, and greatly deepens doctors' understanding of the structure, function, movement and the disease pathogenesis of spinal region. At the same time, it also greatly mobilizes the learning interest and initiative of the clinical practice doctors, and improves the effect of clinical practice.

Physical properties and biocompatibility of 3D printed bone microparticle/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: 3D printing technology provides possibility for the preparation of an ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold with high individualization, precise regulation of the porosity, pore size and inter-aperture connectivity. OBJECTIVE: To study the physical properties and biocompatibility of allogeneic bone microparticle/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite absorbable scaffolds fabricated via fused deposition modeling 3D printing. METHODS: 3D printed bone microparticle/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite absorbable scaffolds were fabricated via fused deposition modeling. The porosity, water absorption, water contact angle and in vitro degradation rate of the scaffold were measured. (1) Cytotoxicity test: Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in normal medium (negative control group) and composite scaffold extract (experimental group) for 1, 3, 5, 7 days, and cell counting kit-8 was then used to detect cell proliferation. (2) Hemolysis test: Rabbit anti-clotting was added to physiological saline, distilled water and composite scaffold extract, and the hemolysis rate was detected after 50 minutes. (3) Acute toxicity test: The physiological saline and composite scaffold extracts were intraperitoneally injected into the rabbits respectively to observe the general condition of rabbits and the pathological changes of important organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The porosity, water absorption and water contact angle of the composite scaffold were (60.86±2.88) ％, (53.98±2.04) ％ and (76.27±0.34) °, respectively. (2) After in vitro immersion in PBS for 4 weeks, the absorbable composite scaffold degraded relatively slowly, and the scaffold morphology remained stable, while the degradation rate accelerated after 4 weeks. The scaffold was almost completely absorbed at about 11 weeks, and it is a relatively ideal absorbable scaffold material. (3) There was no difference in cell proliferation between the experimental group and the negative control group at different time points (P> 0.05) . The cytotoxicity of the absorbable composite scaffold was grade 1. (4) The hemolysis rate of the absorbable composite scaffold was 3.8％, which met the hemolytic requirement of biomedical materials (the hemolysis rate of less than 5％) . (5) Within 72 hours after injection of absorbable scaffold extract, the rabbits showed no acute toxic reaction, as well as no pathological changes in the liver, heart and kidney were observed after 7 days of injection. (6) To conclude, the 3D printed allogeneic bone microparticle/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) fabricated via fused deposition modeling 3D printing has preferable physical properties and biocompatibility.

Simultaneous determination of 11 mycotoxins in malt by isotope internal standard-UPLC-MS/MS / 药学学报

A suitable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 11 mycotoxins with isotope internal standard in malt. The mycotoxins in malt were extracted and purified by one-step ultrasonic extraction procedure using acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (80 : 19 : 1), and then detected and confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS, and quantified by isotope labeled AFB1 ([13C17]-AFB1) and ZEN ([13C18]-ZEN) internal standards. Rapid separation of the 11 mycotoxins was successfully achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) with gradient elution using the mobile phase of methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and 2 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate in water. Simultaneous acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ionization modes. The established method provided a good linearity for the 11 mycotoxins within their respective linear ranges with correlation coefficients all higher than 0.999 1. The average recoveries ranged from 75.0% to 117.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5.1%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.05 to 30 μg x kg(-1) and 0.15 to 87.5 μg x kg(-1), respectively, which were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. Twenty malt samples were analyzed and nine samples were detected with mycotoxins, which were confirmed according to the same fragment ions found in positive samples and the standards at the same retention time. This study has demonstrated that the one-step extraction procedure of mycotoxins from complex matrices coupled to UPLC-MS/MS method is simple, quick, accurate and sensitive for quantitative and qualitative analysis of multiple mycotoxins in malt.

Safety issues and new rapid detection methods in traditional Chinese medicinal materials

The safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the 'bottleneck' impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.

Research Progress for Detection Techniques of Mycotoxins Biomarkers In Vivo / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by certain genera of toxigenic fungus and frequently oc-cur in food worldwide. Humans and animals can be simultaneously exposed to different mycotoxins through the diet. As most mycotoxins are highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, they have posed grave health threats to consumers. Determination of mycotoxins and their main metabolites in blood, urine, bile, milk or faeces can serve as biomarkers and can facilitate effective exposure assessment, crucial to estimate mycotoxin related dis-ease risk. According to reason mentioned above, the study of metabolism and evaluations of mycotoxins in biologi-cal fluids have been paid increasing attention since the results may offer valuable indications on the real risk for consumers. Therefore, it is important to develop proper analytical methods for the rapid quantitative and qualita-tive measurement of mycotoxins and key metabolites in vivo. This paper reviewed some biomarkers and their harm to animals and humans, systematically summarized the research progress of analytical methods and prospected the development trends.

Thinking and practice of animal ethology in study of cold and hot nature of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

From the view of macroscopic animal ethology combined with computer and modem image processing technique, by monitoring the temperature tropism of animal affected by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with different Cold and Hot natures and obtaining many behavior parameters which were difficult to assess in direct observation, the differences between the Cold and Hot nature of TCM were evaluated and presented. This method could real-time, intuitively and objectively, qualitatively and quantitatively monitor the temperature tropism of experimental animals with no disturbance. Further, the Cold and Hot nature of TCM can be expressed from the whole animal level. This method met to the application peculiarity of TCM and suited for the TCM theoretical system. It is a attempt for the study of drug nature of TCM. It also contributed to elucidate the objective authenticity and scientific connotation of Cold and Hot nature of TCM, and express the inherent connection of this nature and the temperature tropism of animal. In this review, a new point and technology platform was provided for establishing an objective method for evaluating the Cold and Hot nature of TCM, which are corresponding with the feature of the application of TCM.

Tissue distribution of free anthraquinones in SD rats after orally administered extracts from raw and prepared rhubarbs / 药学学报

Rhubarb anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been documented to have both therapeutic and toxic effect on liver and kidney, leading to a complex puzzle to assess their benefits and risks. In this study, the tissue distributions of AQs in SD rats after orally administrated extracts of raw and prepared rhubarb were examined whether they undergo different uptake. The total rhubarb extract (14.49 g x kg(-1) of body weight per day od, counted on the quantity of crude material) was administrated orally for 12 weeks. The concentrations of the AQs in different tissues were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The five major AQs, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophynol and physcion, could all be detected in the liver, kidney and spleen, while only rhein, aloe-emodin and emodin reached the quantitative limit. The tissue concentrations of AQs in raw rhubarb group were higher than that in steamed rhubarb group with rhein > emodin > aloe-emodin in the same tissue. On the whole, the tissue distribution of rhein was higher than that of emodin and aloe-emodin in liver, spleen and kidney. AQs could not be detected in those tissues after drug withdraw for 4 weeks, which suggested scarcely any accumulative toxicity of rhubarb. The result indicated that raw rhubarb had more tissue toxicity than steamed rhubarb and rhein may be one of the major poisonous ingredients. The results were concordant with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of toxicity-attenuating effect of processing.

Microcalorimetric studies of the action on four organic acids in Radix isatidis on the growth of microorganisms / 生物工程学报

The actions of four organic acids in Radix isatidis, a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb, on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. The four organic acids were syringic acid, 2-amino-benzoic acid, salicylic acid and benzoic acid. The power-time curves of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae growth with and without organic acids were acquired, meanwhile the extent and duration of inhibitory effects on the metabolism were evaluated by growth rate constants (k1, k2), maximum heat-output[0] power (P(m)) and peak time (t(m)). The inhibitory activity varied with different drugs. The sequences of anti-microbial activity of the four organic acids on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae were all: syringic acid > 2-amino-benzoic acid > salicylic acid > benzoic acid. And benzoic acid promoted the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. This study provides a basis for the further study on Radix Isatidis.

Biothermo-kinetic comparative study on Taohua anti-diarrhea decoction prepared by two different ways / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To compare the bioactivities of Taohua anti-diarrhea granula prepared by two different methods based on biothermo-kinetics study.Methods:The coarse and fine powder preparations of Taohua decoction were prepared.Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli(E.coli)growth after treated by the two preparations to evaluate their bioactivities.Results:The values of growth rate constant k and maximum heat-out power Pm declined with the concentration increase of the 2 preparations;meanwhile,the values of peak time of the highest peak tm and growth inhibitory ratio I increased with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The results showed that the growth of E.coli was inhibited and the inhibitory effect was strengthened with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The IC50 was 35.9 mg/ml for the coarse powder preparation and 31.4 mg/ml for the fine powder preparation.Aggregate analysis of the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of E.coli indicated that the fine powder preparation of Taohua decoction had stronger inhibitory action against E.coli growth than the traditional coarse powder preparation.Conclusion:Microcalorimetry can be used to examine the bioactivity differences of the fine and coarse preparations of Taohua decoction.Superfine comminution may increase the inhibitory action of Taohua decoction.

Microcalorimetric studies of drug property differences during combination of Rhizoma Coptidis with Fructus Evodiae after separated decoction / 中草药

Transzuojin Pill.Conclusion Microcalorimetry can be used to investigate the drug property differences during combination of Rhizoma Coptidis with Fructus Evodiae after separated decoction.

Comparison of Contents of Deoxyschizandrin and Schisantherrin A in Fructus Sch isandrae Chinensis / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of deoxys chizandrin and schisantherrin A in Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis. Methods The as say was conducted on a YWG-C18 column with methonal-water (77 ∶23) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was 230 nm. Results Satisfactory linearities of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherrin A were shown in the range of 0.125～1.25 ?g and 0.08～0.8 ?g,and the recovery was 100.1 %an d 100.0 %(RSD being 0.15 %and 0.28 %。Schisandra sphenanthcra),and 99.7 %an d 101.2 %(RSD being 0.32 %and 0.67 %。Schisandra chinensis) (n=5). Conclusion The HPLC method was simple,curate,highly sensitive and reproducible. It may b e used for the quantitative determination of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherrin A in Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis.